McElroy was Secretary of Defense in the Eisenhower Administration from 1957 to 1959.
" Dick Cheney, the former secretary of defense during the 1991 Persian Gulf War and strategist for Mr. Bush, has been a director of P&G [Procter & Gamble] since 1993.
... During the Eisenhower administration, P & G chief Neil McElroy left to become the U.S. secretary of defense in 1957."
- from an article published in 2000, about Cheney's failure to address conflicts of interest. [1]
Mid-1959: Defense Secretary Neil McElroy begins a five-year expansion of the US chemical and biological warfare programs. By the end of the year, the Chemical Corps [which came into being in 1946, during the Truman Administration] reaches its highest levels since World War II. June 1960: Established the previous year by Defense Secretary McElroy, the Biological and Chemical Defense Planning Board Search on Defense Planning Board issues a report recommending greater emphasis on biological warfare retaliatory and defensive programs. The board includes scientists, engineers, and research and development experts from industry, academia, and government. Summer 1960: The biological weapons program shifts to emphasize incapacitation of enemy personnel in an attempt to limit casualties in a limited war. May 1961: The Secretary of Defense calls on the Joint Chiefs of Staff to evaluate thoroughly the US biological warfare program, considering possible strategic applications for the program and identifying costs for development of a chemical-biological deterrent capability. The price estimate worked out by the Joint Chiefs totals $4 billion. September 1961: A Defense Department working group crafts a comprehensive plan to step up the US biological warfare program based on the Joint Chiefs of Staff recommendations. The project yields significant funding increases for the Chemical Corps. Called Project 112, the plan notes in particular a need for increased field testing.[2]
June 1960: Established the previous year by Defense Secretary McElroy, the Biological and Chemical Defense Planning Board
Summer 1960: The biological weapons program shifts to emphasize incapacitation of enemy personnel in an attempt to limit casualties in a limited war.
May 1961: The Secretary of Defense calls on the Joint Chiefs of Staff to evaluate thoroughly the US biological warfare program, considering possible strategic applications for the program and identifying costs for development of a chemical-biological deterrent capability. The price estimate worked out by the Joint Chiefs totals $4 billion.
September 1961: A Defense Department working group crafts a comprehensive plan to step up the US biological warfare program based on the Joint Chiefs of Staff recommendations. The project yields significant funding increases for the Chemical Corps. Called Project 112, the plan notes in particular a need for increased field testing.[2]
Newly declassified Pentagon documents reveal ...
... that the US secretly tested chemical and biological weapons on American soil during the 1960s. The tests included releasing deadly nerve agents in Alaska and spraying bacteria over Hawaii, according to the documents obtained on 8 October. The US also tested nerve agents in Canada and Britain in conjunction with those countries, and tested biological and chemical weapons in at least two other states, Maryland and Florida. Summaries of more than two dozen tests show that biological and chemical tests were more widespread than the military has previously acknowledged. The Pentagon released records earlier this year showing that chemical and biological agents had been sprayed on ships at sea. Documents also revealed that the military reimbursed ranchers and agreed to stop open-air nerve agent testing at its main chemical weapons center in the Utah desert after about 6,400 sheep died when nerve gas drifted away from the test range. ... Dr. William Winkenwerder Jr., the Pentagon’s top health official, said that troops involved in biological weapons testing were vaccinated ahead of time. Dr. Winkenwerder acknowledged that some service members involved in the tests may not have known all the details of these tests. He also said some service members participating in tests using simulated chemical or biological weapons may not have been informed about the tests at all. The head of the House Veterans Affairs panel called for further investigation of the tests. The tests were part of Project 112 ...[3]
Summaries of more than two dozen tests show that biological and chemical tests were more widespread than the military has previously acknowledged. The Pentagon released records earlier this year showing that chemical and biological agents had been sprayed on ships at sea. Documents also revealed that the military reimbursed ranchers and agreed to stop open-air nerve agent testing at its main chemical weapons center in the Utah desert after about 6,400 sheep died when nerve gas drifted away from the test range.
... Dr. William Winkenwerder Jr., the Pentagon’s top health official, said that troops involved in biological weapons testing were vaccinated ahead of time. Dr. Winkenwerder acknowledged that some service members involved in the tests may not have known all the details of these tests. He also said some service members participating in tests using simulated chemical or biological weapons may not have been informed about the tests at all. The head of the House Veterans Affairs panel called for further investigation of the tests. The tests were part of Project 112 ...[3]
The tests were part of Project 112 ...[3]
The U.S. stockpile of biological and chemical weapons:
The USA, in contravention of a treaty it signed, produced and stockpiled chemical weapons. In fact, the USA has over 25,000 tons of chemical weapons, including the deadly VX nerge agent. The USA has several munitions dedicated to, or capable of, using chemical weapons, such as the M60 105mm, the M360 105mm, the M104 155mm, M110A/A2 155mm, M121/A1 155mm, M122 155mm, M687 155mm, M426 8-inch, the M23 landmine, and the M55 rocket. As for biological weapons, ... the US army has recently apologised for experimenting on US civilians for decades. Under Project 112, the US military sprayed New York, San Franciso, and other cities with Aspergillus fumigatus, B. subtilis var. globigii, and Serratia marcescens. This in contravention of yet another treaty signed by the USA. [4]
As for biological weapons, ... the US army has recently apologised for experimenting on US civilians for decades. Under Project 112, the US military sprayed New York, San Franciso, and other cities with Aspergillus fumigatus, B. subtilis var. globigii, and Serratia marcescens. This in contravention of yet another treaty signed by the USA. [4]
Under McElroy, the militarization of space (and cyberspace - a current PNAC goal) began back in the 1950s:
Secretary of Defense Neil McElroy created the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) [out of which came ARPA-NET, the computer network that was the prototype for the internet] in February 1958 in order to centralize all DoD space research and development activities. Senior defense and military planners believed that ARPA would be highly effective for two reasons. First, it would end the low priority accorded to space technology in the absence of clearly defined military applications. Second, it would limit inter-service rivalries and duplication of duties by transferring Service decision-making authority on space projects to a central DoD authority. - from A History of United States National Security Space Management and Organization
McElroy replaced C.E. Wilson as Defense Secretary. Eisenhower appointed McElroy as a way of resolving a struggle between the most powerful elements of the military-industrial-complex about "whether the great American automobile industry would get the majority of missile contracts or whether the powerful aviation industry would get these contracts": [5]
